Section 5 of 5

9.5 Summary

Graphics is a necessary part of any CAD effort. Although most of the display techniques covered in this chapter are automatically handled by ever more sophisticated devices, it is important to be able to fill in when a needed function is missing. It is also useful for the designer to understand the basics of graphic input and output hardware, so that he or she can make proper packaging decisions when a complete CAD system is being specified. The next chapter builds on this one by showing how advanced graphics techniques can make the user interface comfortable and productive.

Questions

1. Why are calligraphic displays a poor choice for VLSI design?
2. How can block-fill operations speed the drawing of lines?
3. How can clipping be used to find the union of two polygons?
4. How can the block-transfer function be used to write patterned areas?
5. What other color representations exist beside the additive (red, green, blue) and the subtractive (cyan, magenta, yellow)?
6. Why is the mouse the most popular graphic-input device?
7. How can a spline curve be extended so that it passes through its first and last control points?

References

• Ackland, Bryan and Weste, Neil, "Realtime Animation Playback on a Frame Store Display System," Computer Graphics, 14:3, 182-188, August 1980.
• Adobe Systems Incorporated, PostScript Language Tutorial and Cookbook, Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts, 1985.
• ANSI, Programmer's Hierarchical Interactive Graphics Standard (PHIGS), American National Standards Institute X3H3/84-40, February 1984.
• Atkinson, William D.; Bond, Karen E.; Tribble, Guy L.; and Wilson, Kent R., "Computing with Feeling," Computers and Graphics, 2:2, 97-103, 1977.
• Barsky, Brian A. and Beatty, John C., "Local Control of Bias and Tension in Beta-splines," Computer Graphics, 17:3, 193-218, July 1983.
• Bezier, P, Numerical Control-Mathematics and Applications, (A. R. Forest, trans), Wiley, London, 1972.
• Breshenham, J. E., "Algorithm for Computer Control of Digital Plotter," IBM Systems Journal, 4:1, 25-30, 1965.
• Breshenham, J. E., "A Linear Algorithm for Incremental Digital Display of Circular Arcs," CACM, 20:2, 100-106, February 1977.
• Catmull, Edwin, "A Hidden Surface Algorithm with Anti-Aliasing," Computer Graphics, 12:3, 6-11, August 1978.
• Foley, J. D. and Van Dam, A., Fundamentals of Interactive Computer Graphics, Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts, 1982.
• Fuchs, Henry; Poulton, John; Paeth, Alan; and Bell, Alan, "Developing Pixel-Planes, A Smart Memory-Based Raster Graphics System," Proceedings MIT Conference on Advanced Research in VLSI (Penfield, ed), 137-146, January 1982.
• GPSC, "Status Report of the Graphic Standards Planning Committee," Computer Graphics, 13:3, August 1979.
• Jarvis, J. F.; Judice, C. N.; and Ninke, W. H., "A Survey of Techniques for the Image Display of Continuous Tone Pictures on Bilevel Displays," Computer Graphics and Image Processing, 5:1, 13-40, March 1976.
• Knuth, Donald E., TEX and METAFONT-New Directions in Typesetting, Digital Press, Bedford, Massachusetts, 1979.
• Locanthi, Bart, "Object Oriented Raster Displays," Proceedings 1st Caltech Conference on VLSI (Seitz, ed), 215-225, January 1979.
• Lyon, Richard F., "The Optical Mouse, and an Architectural Methodology for Smart Digital Sensors," Proceedings C-MU Conference on VLSI Systems and Computations (Kung, Sproull, and Steele, eds), 1-19, October 1981.
• Newell, Martin E. and Fitzpatrick, Daniel T., "Exploiting Structure in Integrated Circuit Design Analysis," Proceedings MIT Conference on Advanced Research in VLSI (Penfield, ed), 84-92, January 1982.
• Newell, Martin E. and Sequin, Carlo H., "The Inside Story on Self-Intersecting Polygons," Lambda, 1:2, 20-24, 2nd Quarter 1980.
• Newman, William M. and Sproull, Robert F., Principles of Interactive Computer Graphics, 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1979.
• Noll, A. Michael, "Man-Machine Tactile Communication," Society for Information Display Journal, 1:2, 5-11, July/August 1972.
• Rogers, David F. and Adams, J. Alan, Mathematical Elements for Computer Graphics, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1976.
• Whelan, Daniel S., "A Rectangular Area Filling Display System Architecture," Computer Graphics, 16:3, 147-153, July 1982.
• X3H3/83-25r3 Technical Committee, "Graphical Kernel System," Computer Graphics special issue, February 1984.

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Steven M. Rubin

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